Discuss About The Countries Especially Asian South American.
The government of the developing countries especially the Asian and south American nations as well as the organizations operating there have failed to meet all the requirements of limiting environmental issues. Among many issues regarding the degradation of environment, deforestation and air pollution are most important problems which are directly connected with the danger of global warming. The policies of the organization both domestic as well as international have lacked knowledge as well as motive to issue policies to prevent air pollution through their industrial wastes. The governments in order to have economic growth in the countries are allowing to deforest a vast portion of their land. This not only harming the global climate, but also is giving birth to different kinds of diseases for which the human body or medical science are not ready yet. In addition to these, both air pollution as well as deforestation have been affecting the balanced ecosystem of that particular place where the incidents are happening and gradually affecting the global ecology.
Deforestation and air pollution need more attention from the part of the environments and the global companies so that the earth does not became lifeless.
The government of the developing countries like India, China, Indonesia, Srilanka, Brazil which are full of natural resources, need to be more concerned about the fast-increasing air pollution due to extensive industrializing as well as urbanization. On the other hand, the companies are also not playing a supportive role even if the governments of these countries have acts to prevent air pollution. In this context the Volkswagen’s unethical case related to emission scandal can be refer. In this case this particular international company has breached the maximum emission standard in the year 2015 in one of the more developed countries like the US. The company used technology innovatively in order to fake the emission limit of their cars. It introduced Turbocharged direct injection(TDI) engine to active innovative method of carbon emission control. These engines only showed standard emission during the laboratory testing but in reality, emit more air polluting gases beyond standard (Cavico and Mujtaba 2016).
However, the critics like Fang, Chan and Yao (2009) have discussed that the developing countries like China which is recording a huge economic growth, have introduced more effective policies so that they can act collaboratively with the industries operating in their country in order to limit the air polluting gas or chemical emotions efficiently. The social activists along with the eminent environmentalists have been to constantly reiterating the drastic consequences of air pollution in the environment (Zhang et al. 2016). The governments of the developing countries have become more aware than before and they have taken initiatives to balance initialization with preservation of the environment. The critics like Wu et al (2010), have found out, the scientists along with policy maker of China have been working hand in hand to introduce more informal protection efforts so that the companies’ CSR paly supportive role in developing new policies by the governments. High efficient technologies are being used to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the factories so that it does not affect the normal environment of the industrial areas and create breathing or other issues in human health.
Figure 1. Air pollution in China
(Source: Economist.com 2018)
Despite the fact that the critics are highly supportive to demonstrate the growing concerns of the governments as well as the companies working in the developing countries, have missed some very important aspects. The fact that the global companies working along with the governments are not playing beyond their profit interests. Hence various non-profit organizations who have been working to record air pollution in the cities, need to be employed if the government are really concerned with the increasing problems of air pollution.
Similar with the air pollution issues, the problem of deforestation has become one of the major concern for the environmentalists. The developing countries which mainly depend on the growth of industry to strengthen their economies, follow this measure to utilize their lands. Despite the fact that concerns have been raised more than before, the governments or the global companies have failed to meet the criteria in preventing deforestation effectively. Deforestation has become burning issue for the nations like Indonesia, Myanmar, Srilanka and Brazil. Illegal logging and distracting of the dense forecasts like the Amazons and other tropical forests have been affect the global climate (Dauvergne 1993). However, the governments of this regions are not yet concerned to reduce these actions rather thinking only of their urbanization as well as industrialization hence allowing the companies to capture forest lands to establish their factories. The corporate greed has added fuel to transform the forest areas into industrial belts so that their interest can be served effectively.
Figure 2: Deforestation in Brazil
(Source: Wri.org 2018)
On the contrary, the scholars like Boucher, Roquemore and Fitzhugh (2013) have found out the government of Brazil have successfully addressed the issue of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest area. They have issues policies to protect the forest from the illegal poachers and other interest groups. The companies such as Nestlé, Procter & Gamble Co. and Kao Corp. which are operations globally as well as largely depend on the forest grown products like wood, coco, fruits, have been working collaboratively with the governments to reduce deforestation. In addition to this, these companies are supporting reforestation projects of the governments in the harm areas (Aide et al. 2013). The governs, various environment organisations and these companies have invested a lot of efforts as well as money to maintain the expected forest lives and restore ecological balance (Stoy 2018). The movements have been introducing new policies and laws so that the companies take responsibility equally. The importance of sustainable development measures is taken to focus on the devastating effect of deforestation on the forest-dwelling people as well as wildlife.
Figure 3: GHG emission in Brazil
(Source: Wri.org 2018)
Despite all these measures, the government of the other developing countries like Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos have not been able to prevent deforestation in their lands. Despite the fact that various international NGOs have been working with these governments to introduce new methods of agriculture for gaining sustainability, but these measures are not adequate to mitigate the burning problem of deforestation (Davin and Noblet-Ducoudré 2010). These measures are also not enough to secure the rights of the forest people or the animals living in these forests. The acts to punish illegal logging and poaching of forest materials are not quite strict to prevent this action. Moreover, in this context also the industries are always working to serve their own profit interests hence taking opportunities of various gonorrheal acts to clearing forests and not supporting reforestation to replenish the gap (Dias 2014). The governments also keep silence as based on these companies the nations will have economic growth.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the movement of the developing countries have failed to manage the actions of the companies to control the environmental issues of air pollution as well as deforestation. These issues are affecting the global environment in the most negative manner for which the awareness and proper steps need to be taken immediately. In order to grow economically ad, secure the future of the nations the leaders of the countries are supporting the global corporates blindly and creating scope for utilizing own natural resources like forests extensively. These companies do not have any concern that they are using the resources without any responsibility as there is a very limited scope to get punished by the national acts. However, some scholars have found out growing awareness on the parts of the governments to prevent air pollution and deforestation but those are not adequate.
References:
Aide, T.M., Clark, M.L., Grau, H.R., López?Carr, D., Levy, M.A., Redo, D., Bonilla?Moheno, M., Riner, G., Andrade?Núñez, M.J. and Muñiz, M. 2013, “Deforestation and Reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001–2010)”, Biotropica, vol. 45, no. 2, management. 262-271.
Boucher, D., Roquemore, S. and Fitzhugh, E., 2013. Brazil’s success in reducing deforestation. Tropical Conservation Science, 6(3), pp.426-445.
Cavico, F.J. and Mujtaba, B.G., 2016. Volkswagen emissions scandal: a global case study of legal, ethical, and practical consequences and recommendations for sustainable management. Global Journal of Research in Business & Management, 4(2), pp.303-311.
Dauvergne, P., 1993. The politics of deforestation in Indonesia. Pacific Affairs, pp.497-518.
Davin, E.L. and Noblet-Ducoudré, N.d. 2010, “Climatic Impact of Global-Scale Deforestation: Radiative versus Nonradiative Processes”, Journal of Climate, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 97-112.
Dias, B. 2014, “Targeting deforestation”, Science, vol. 343, no. 6168, pp. 248-249.
Economist.com (2018). Why China’s air pollution is on the rise again. [online] The Economist. Available at: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2017/01/04/why-chinas-air-pollution-is-on-the-rise-again [Accessed 12 Jun. 2018].
Fang, M., Chan, C.K. and Yao, X., 2009. Managing air quality in a rapidly developing nation: China. Atmospheric Environment, 43(1), pp.79-86.
Stoy, P.C. 2018, “Deforestation intensifies hot days”, Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 366-368.
Wri.org (2018). Will Brazil Meet Its Climate Targets? | World human resource management Institute. [online] Wri.org. Available at: https://www.wri.org/blog/2017/07/will-brazil-meet-its-climate-targets [Accessed 12 Jun. 2018].
Wu, Y., Wang, R., Zhou, Y., Lin, B., Fu, L., He, K. and Hao, J., 2010. On-road vehicle emission control in Beijing: past, present, and future.
Zhang, H., Wang, S., Hao, J., Wang, X., Wang, S., Chai, F. and Li, M., 2016. Air pollution and control action in Beijing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112
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