This report will mainly focus on the sustainable use of energy. The demand for energy is increasing day by day with the increase in population and advancement in technology. However, need arises for the sustainable use of energy (Azad Khan Ahasan and Ahmed, 2014). To investigate strategies for the sustainable use of energy, urban, rural and global energy requirements needs to be identified. Energy is required by each and every sector of world like housing, agriculture, transport and so on. It has been reported that most of the energy produced in Australia are used in mining and electricity generation sectors. The energy used in mining rose by 14% between the years 2015-2016. Energy used for the generation of electricity has also increased by 3% between the years 2015-2016 (Bahadori Zendehboudi and Zahedi, 2013). It has also been reported that consumption of renewable energy has also grown by 4%. In the rural areas of Australia, energy is mainly used in agriculture and to some extent in lighting houses. According to a report, China is the highest consumer of energy, India is the fourth largest consumer of energy and Australia is the 18th largest consumer of energy in the world.
The objective of the report is to identify strategies that will facilitate sustainable use of energy. This report will help for the analysis between total energy produced and total energy consumed by storing data of energy production and consumption in rural and urban areas of Australia, along with individual and commercial use (Ivanova, 2013). The main challenges of current consumption of energy are scarcity of resources that produces energy, unequal distribution of resources in urban and rural areas and increasing demand of energy for industrialization (Bhattacharya Paramati Ozturk and Bhattacharya, 2016). The future challenges will be unavailability of resources for energy production. The main resource is coal and the rate at which coal is exhausting will lead to shortage in energy in the near future. Analysts addresses for the sustainable use of energy by the use of renewable resources for generation of energy. Renewable sources like wind energy, solar energy and tidal energy.
In the past requirement for energy was minimum. Sun was considered as the source of heat, wood and straw. Animals served the purpose of transportation. Horses, camels and donkeys carried materials from one place to another. People used to walk distances in order to collect food. In other words, it can be said that energy needs in the past were significantly modest. Water and wind was used to run machines. However, the present scenario has changed. Industrialization has triggered the use of energy for different purpose. People now uses machines to simplify their daily tasks. For example, heaters are used to get heat, automobiles are used for transportation purpose, and natural resources like coal and petroleum are used to generate electricity. Coal and petroleum are considered as non-renewable sources of energy (Hua Oliphant and Hu, 2016). According to a recent report, the number of electronic device that are being used are increasing day by day. A report said that in the near future the number of IoT devices would outreach the total world population. The consumption of energy produced by fossil fuels has been 93.38% in the year 2015 in Australia (McGlade and Ekins, 2015). The total energy consumption in Australia is 223.60 billion kWh. Following is the list of energy produced in the world by different countries:
From the table it can be seen that maximum amount of energy is produced from fossil fuels. Use of fossil fuels emits harmful gases in the air. These harmful gases leads to air pollution. Poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide causes greenhouse effect traps the heat waves of the sun and directly cause global warming (Dai, 2013). The adverse effects of global warming are rise in global temperature, rise in sea level and melting of glaciers along with increase in natural disasters (Kosaka and Xie, 2013). Oil production such as petroleum and diesel has been effected a lot due to man-made disasters like oil spills. Oil spills causes great loss to the aquatic ecosystem. The increasing demand of energy is depleting the natural resources and exhausting the natural reserve of resources Management.
Diverse range of energy resources are present in Australia. Vast coal reserves has the added advantage of producing low-cost electricity. One-third of the world’s uranium resources are present in Australia. It is also a vast reserve of renewable sources of energy. Solar energy and wind energy is widely used here as an alternative source of energy. Use of renewable sources of energy has rose by 16% in Australia. These energy resources is serving domestic needs of Australia for many years. The pattern by which energy is consumed in Australia will change within 2030. It is expected that use of renewable sources will increase than the use of fossil fuels. Energy is required in every sector of life. For example, it is used to light the household appliances, business appliances like air conditioner, coolers and computers. One day without energy like electricity is hard to imagine. Our life will come to an end if energy in the form of electricity does not exist. Daily life actions like washing clothes with the help of washing machines, ironing clothes with the help of an iron, running a company, use of micro-oven utilizes energy to run all these electrical appliances (Zehr, 2016). Therefore, sustainable use of energy has become significantly important in the recent years. The total process of energy production starts with the collection of resources that produces energy, for example fossil fuel like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are then burned to produce energy in the production houses. The energy so produced is then distributed to various industry sectors that requires it.
Energy supply is facing some challenges to maintain a continuous supply of energy. First is the investment of money to maintain the global demand of energy. Reports have found that the government of different countries are not investing enough amount of money for the production and supply of energy. Therefore, the supply of energy is becoming disturbed and they are facing significant difficulties in maintaining global demand for electricity (Venables, 2016). The want for energy is rising day by day with the increasing population, growth of industries and advancement of technology. The infrastructure that is used today to build houses has changed a lot. Use of machines has increased largely to ease human efforts. However, this has an adverse effect on use of energy. Therefore, it is becoming difficult to maintain a constant supply of energy. Second hindrance is the rise of fossil fuel prices. One of the main source of energy is fossil fuels. However, with the rise in the prices of these sources, energy generation is being hampered. Discontinuous supply of fossil fuels is directly effecting the production, which is adversely affecting the supply of energy. The third factor is the growing urbanization. Developing and under developed countries are facing this problem. With urbanization comes increase in pollution rates. Emission of Carbon dioxide gas has increased largely. This is adversely affecting the renewable sources that has a direct effect on generation of energy (Dovgot’ko Kusakina and Skiperskaja, 2014). Apart from producing electricity, energy is also utilized in transportation, communication and so on. The towers that are set up for telecommunication runs with the help of energy. The engines of automobiles also requires energy to run. Engines require diesel or petroleum to run. The number of automobiles is also increasing. This is another reason for the depletion of natural resources.
The main legislative and governance issues related to energy production are that the government of various countries are not agreeing with the budget provision required for the start of sustainable use of energy. They are also putting restrictions on the efficiency of the energy produced by renewable sources.
The present scenario of utilization of energy demands for its sustainable use. This can only be accomplished if the current practices like use of petroleum to run vehicles, use of coal for the production of electricity can be changed and use of renewable sources of energy is implemented (Busse and Gröning, 2013). Discovery has been made for the use of natural gas to run engines. The effort to make the world electricity driven will adversely affect the environment by depleting its natural resources. Natural disasters will become frequent. Life will vanish from the earth if this continues. Infrastructures of the city is also required to be changed so that the sustainable use of energy can be implemented easily and followed by every sector of the industry.
References:
Azad, A.K., Khan, M.M.K., Ahasan, T. and Ahmed, S.F., 2014. Energy scenario: production, consumption and prospect of renewable energy in Australia. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2(04), p.19.
Bahadori, A., Zendehboudi, S. and Zahedi, G., 2013. A review of geothermal energy resources in Australia: current status and prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21(0), pp.29-34.
Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I. and Bhattacharya, S., 2016. The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, pp.733-741.
Busse, M. and Gröning, S., 2013. The resource curse revisited: governance and natural resources. Public choice, 154(1-2), pp.1-20.
Dai, A., 2013. Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models. Nature Climate Change, 3(1), p.52.
Dovgot’ko, N.A.E., Kusakina, O.N. and Skiperskaja, E.V., 2014. Use of natural resources as an object of economic incentive. Life Science Journal, 11(1s), pp.166-170.
Höök, M. and Tang, X., 2013. Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change—A review. Energy Policy, 52, pp.797-809.
Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.J., 2016. Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status. Renewable Energy, 85, pp.1044-1051.
Ivanova, G.A., 2013. Consumers’ willingness to pay for electricity from renewable energy sources, Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 2(4), pp.758-766.
Jana, M., Saha, S., Khanra, P., Murmu, N.C., Srivastava, S.K., Kuila, T. and Lee, J.H., 2014. Bio-reduction of graphene oxide using drained water from soaked mung beans (Phaseolus aureus L.) and its application as energy storage electrode material. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 186, pp.33-40.
Kosaka, Y. and Xie, S.P., 2013. Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling. Nature, 501(7467), p.403.
Kuila, T., Mishra, A.K., Khanra, P., Kim, N.H. and Lee, J.H., 2013. Recent advances in the efficient reduction of graphene oxide and its application as energy storage electrode materials. Nanoscale, 5(1), pp.52-71.
Leconte, J., Forget, F., Charnay, B., Wordsworth, R. and Pottier, A., 2013. Increased insolation threshold for runaway greenhouse processes on Earth-like planets. Nature, 504(7479), p.268.
McGlade, C. and Ekins, P., 2015. The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 C. Nature, 517(7533), p.187.
Spence, D.B., 2013. Federalism, regulatory lags, and the political economy of energy production. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, pp.431-508.
Venables, A.J., 2016. Using natural resources for development: why has it proven so difficult?. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(1), pp.161-84.
Xia, X., Zeng, Z., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Tu, J., Fan, N.C., Zhang, H. and Fan, H.J., 2013. Fabrication of metal oxide nanobranches on atomic-layer-deposited TiO 2 nanotube arrays and their application in energy storage. Nanoscale, 5(13), pp.6040-6047.
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