How Substance use is a Contemporary issue in the Health
The fact that one anyone takes any illegal drug is termed as substance abuse. This term extends to explain when a person uses alcohol, prescription medicine, and other legal substances more often inappropriately. Substance abuse differs from addiction. A number of people who suffer the problem of substance abuse are likely to quit and change whereas victims of addiction suffer a diseases. It implies they cannot avoid using drugs and substance despite harm to the body. As such, the research paper seeks to discuss drugs and substance abuse which apparently is a current health care issue. In particular, the research question to investigate how substance use is a contemporary issue in health.
The project has one specific objective and other general objectives;
Specific objective
General objectives
The project is purely based on a health issue; that is substance use. This means research is carried out at the health care centers. Notably, the project relies on a target population that is solicits information. As per the formed hypothesis, the target population for the study five hospital staff and 5 victims of drug use. This group is given questionnaires to fill which finally are analyzed using SSPS data. The findings are eventually used to draw conclusion, and recommendations.
Considering a number of abused substance and drugs, the most common abuse are drugs that give pleasure, ease stress and a lot of thinking. Alcohol, which is one of the drugs has different effects on different individuals. Second, are medicine prescribed over the counter. More often sick patients take drugs prescribed for a different patient and overdose, unlike the way the doctor recommends. Other people, also take medicine for reasons contrary to medical reason. Examples of prescription drugs include opioid pain relievers, the medicine used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and those for anxiety medicine. Cough and cold medicine that their content is made of chemical contents which can create intoxication or drunkenness (Kolodny et al, 2015, p. 580). Heroin, marijuana and cigarette are also abused more
Arguably, drugs and substance abuse are triggered by particular aspects. Even though the causes are not yet exhausted in research, the basic three include genetic predisposition, co-occurring conditions, and environmental circumstances. For the genetic aspect, the study reveals a number of drug use cases that are acquired at the family level, hence suggesting genetics is among the contributing factors. It is possible to raise a child in a family that has a drug user and the child still grows a non-user (Visser et al., 2014, p. 34-46). This means genetic aspect is one among other reasons. Concurring conditions include mental illness that leads to drug use too. An assumption ignores the relationship between a mental illness and drug abuse but is a detailed overview, one condition can complicate the other. For example, patients suffering depression conduct self-medication to manage their depressive mood, in which the depression is not necessarily the cause but a factor of contribution. Third, the environment can convince a person to abuse substance and drugs. Adolescents, in this case, are victims since they want to belong to the same status of their peers who use drugs. A drug user, or the presence of drugs in the home, can also be a major cause of drug abuse.
Contemporary issues in health impact differently on drugs on health care. According to the service for preventing and treating of substances use disorders are traditionally delivered differently from other health condition (Room 2014, p. 55-62). This is because substances use is considered a social and criminal activity where prevention does demand healthcare systems. If anything, a limited range of treatment options, some not insured. Moreover, the recent substance use disorder workforce does not have the potential to achieve the benefits of integrated health care. The healthcare staff are also inhibited inadequate training to deal with substance-related problems. Health cares, therefore demand new recruits, more diversified to deal with skills to handle the problem of substance use disorders and providing own care during care delivery.
Governments, through relevant, put in place particular policies to face the problem of substance abuse. One key way is effective integration of presentation, treatment and recovery services. This is significant in addressing the misuse of substance and it related consequence and improves health care services. Introduction of law to fight drug use is a policy that sues drugs users. This trend facilitates higher levels of integration to improve public health. Poland introduced a law which guaranteed any possession of drugs is punishable in prison for at least three years (Abuse 2013). Indeed over the years, a big number fell victims especially youths. A proposed motion, however, changed the policy of the country. Another policy response is the development of health care delivery organizations like nursing homes and registered care organization for integration of care. The policy incorporates the role of any organization concerned with care delivery as a health center. For the organization that is existing, a policy suggests for their expansion in order to meet the demand concerned with health.
Additionally, emphasis on education is a policy towards preventing substance abuse. People are educated about the risks associated with drug and substance abuse. A percentage of drug and substance use is as affected by lack of education. A good example in the care where sick patients share medicine is in fact ignorance (Galanter, Kreiner, and Brady 2014, p. 559-574). One, among other instances that can be solved by educating the public. A different policy demands allocation and distribution of funds in state government. Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act is fit to deliver if financial requirement is sufficient. Besides, health cares need funds to insure a higher number of substance users.
Lastly, a different policy is to increase the population that is insured. This policy implies health cares are supposed to offer more prevention, care, screening services for suffering victims at least to create an alert. Another policy, that is to recognizing substances us as a disorder as the condition to deal with positively (Lynch 2012, p. 177). Substances users are thus treated like any other health problem. This is leading to growing integration of behavioral health and general health care and extra efforts to screen patients for substance use disorders addressing them through early intervention and referral to appropriate levels of treatment.
Unfortunately, critiques continue to come up challenging the strategies set against substance abuse. The Office of National Drug Control Policy, in charge of matters concerning the nation and drug safety, claims that the world has reached a point is changing its decision to fight drugs.as a fact, people have little effort to believe in a step. Data on drug use are deceptive regardless when accurately reported and interpreted since the focus on use rather than on acute and chronic drug abuse, and the war on drugs has been instrumental in blurring this very important distinction (World Health Organization 2014). Only a handful of drugs result in harm whereas a lot do not and demonizing drug use creates additional human problems.
Either way, drug abuse, and chronic dependence, on the contrary, often lead to significant problems for the user and community as a whole and many believe that this should be a primary focus of our national drug policy. It is needless for the law to confine drug users in prisons, more so in arguments that drug users are criminals. Crime is related to drugs uses but very few incidents of criminal activities; robbery other burglaries relate to drugs (Burns and Boyer 2013, p. 75). The relationship between the crime and drugs is complex and the data no support this connection despite the common misperception that these two aspects relate. According to Walker, the National Household Survey data show that few who use illicit drugs become addicts or engage in other criminal activity (Nicholson 2013, p. 431-439). Unfortunately, other contradictions dismiss the policies and argue corruption cases cannot allow for implementation process and also some of these drugs used for positive reasons like marijuana in preventing chronic pain.
Conclusion
Substance abuse is evident to be an issue in health today. The report has explored about drug abuse to ascertain the habit is present in human beings. In sum, the conclusion recommends additional policies due to a lot of contradiction in the current strategies.
More additional policy towards contemporary health issue- substance abuse is ensuring good administration. In case America desires to be successful in the fight against drugs, the first priority for the next administration whether Republican or Democrat, must be stable. Restructuring Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDP) as an effective policy office capable of leading the nation’s struggle with drugs (Gerber and Jensen 2014). This means the government must recognize the drug-fighting organization and show the willingness to work together, by issuing support.
There is need fix the budgetary afresh. This process allows sufficient funding for health care considering they face a lot of issues. ONDCP’s budgetary role must be fixed. Working with the Office of Management and Budget to formulate and distribute an accurate drug control budget to implement its policy priorities is the only way to ensure that research findings are reflected in the drug control budget (Molfenter 2012, p. 16). Next is staying ahead of emerging drug trends, and ensure knowledge development, data systems and research a priority. Finally, it is essential that the government recognizes and supports the innovative efforts at the local levels working to establish more effective and human response to drug and substance use. The importance of working to involve new voices in drug policy reform debates by funding projects like, which their pros seek the unintended costs of the war on drugs and encourage a cost-benefit analysis of current policies (Stimmel 2014).
References.
World Health Organization, & World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health, 2014. World Health Organization.
Stimmel, B. (2014). Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America: The War that must be Won. Routledge.
Abuse, S. (2013). Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental health findings. NSDUH Series H-47, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4805.
Burns, J. M., & Boyer, E. W. (2013). Antitussives and Substance Abuse. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 75.
Nicholson, T., Duncan, D. F., White, J., & Stickle, F. (2013). Focusing on Abuse, Not Use, In Drug Education. Journal of Substance Use, 18(6), 431-439.
Kolodny, A., Courtwright, D. T., Hwang, C. S., Kreiner, P., Eadie, J. L., Clark, T. W., & Alexander, G. C. (2015). The Prescription Opioid and Heroin Crisis: A Public Health Approach to an Epidemic of Addiction. Annual Review of Public Health, 36, 559-574.
Room, R. (2014). The Cultural Framing of Addiction. In Expanding Addiction: Critical Essays (pp. 55-62). Routledge.
Visser, S. N., Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., Ghandour, R. M., … & Blumberg, S. J. (2014). Trends in the Parent-Report of Health Care Provider-Diagnosed and Medicated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: United States, 2003–2011. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 34-46.
Galanter, M., Kleber, H. D., & Brady, K. (Eds.). (2014). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment. American Psychiatric Pub.
Molfenter, T., Capoccia, V. A., Boyle, M. G., & Sherbeck, C. K. (2012). The readiness of addiction treatment agencies for health care reform. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 7(1), 16.
Gerber, J., & Jensen, E. L. (2014). Drug War American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives. Routledge.
Lynch, M. (2012). Theorizing the Role of the ‘War on Drugs’ In US Punishment. Theoretical Criminology, 16(2), 175-199.
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