Question:
Discuss about the Division 8 Of The ITAA 1997.
In conformity with the Division 8 of the ITAA 1997 a guiding principles has been laid down that has associations with deductions of outlay and losses (Coleman, & Sadik, 2013). The division is helpful in assisting the difference between the normal deductions with reference to discussion that is made in “Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997”. The division further lay down the guidance with reference to the specific deductions that is made under “Section 8-5 of the ITAA 1997” and a claim can be bought forward that deductions associated to the loss or outlay that has occurred concerning the;
To claim a particular type of deductions produced from the taxable income a taxpayer is offered with the opportunity of claiming such outlay with regard to “Section 8-5 of the ITAA 1997” (Grange et al., 2014). From the current matter of Ram it has been found that the he had incurred expenses in the form of tax agent fees and solicitor fees that possess the feature of allowable deductions. In conformity with the Section 25-5 of the ITAA 1997 cost incurred at the time of management of tax affairs will be accounted as the deductions that are allowable. Hence, a taxpayer while filing for the tax return can bring forward the claim of gaining assessable deductions relating to the cost that has occurred at the time of accounting and fees from the tax agent (James, 2015). It is observed from the situation of Ram that he has incurred an expense on the solicitor fees for bringing forward the opposition against the assessment.
With reference to the evidence that has been laid down under Para 11 of the Taxation Ruling 2011/5 a person can object on the cause of not being satisfied with the assessment of tax stated in Section 175A (1) of the ITAA 1936. As laid down under the Interpretive Decision 2002/814, it states the issues that is connected with the subject of allowable deductions for the expenses that originates from the disagreement of the legal or accounting fees associated with tax authorities (Jover, 2014). With reference to the current case study of Ram, he can claim the permissible deductions of legal expense on solicitor fees and accounting fees in respect to Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997.
In conformity with “Section 955-1 of the ITAA 1997” the definition of the term resident has been defined that explains a person to be regarded as inhabitant of Australia for the purpose of taxation (Kenny, 2013). In agreement with the “Section 6-1 of the ITAA 1997” the description of resident and the primary test involved in ascertaining the residency of the individual has been defined. Para 32 of the Taxation Ruling 98/17 defines that a individual will be regarded as the habitant of Australia which is in agreement with the “Section 6-1 of the ITAA 1997”. In order to ascertain the residential status of the individual, a residency test is performed with reference to Section 6-1 of the ITAA 1997. The test is stated below;
In the present context Tina is considered to be an overseas student that has come to Brisbane for the educational purpose and will be treated as the inhabitant of Australia with respect to the ordinary concept (Krever, 2013). An individual or a person is not regarded as the inhabitant of Australia with respect to the ordinary concept then the statutory test is applied in knowing the occupancy status. Therefore, on satisfying the conditions of the primary test an individual shall be considered as the occupant of Australia.
As defined under the Domicile Act 1982 an individual having a permanent place of abode in Australia will be treated as the Australia resident for the purpose of tax (Morgan et al., 2013). Apart from this, the rule of 183 days test, defines that a person shall be treated as the Australian resident if the person has been present in Australia either on regular basis or in breaks.
The superannuation test is simultaneously put into effect in order to know that an individual is an employee of the government of Australia working in an international; project. The law furthermore provides that an individual taxpayer would be treated as the inhabitant of Australia if an individual is enrolled in Australia university for educational course having a duration of no less than six months (Sadiq et al., 2014). As evident from the existing scenario of Tina, it is observed that she enrolled arrived in Brisbane for educational purpose with her period of stay was for more than 183 days. It can be concluded that Tina will be treated as the resident of Australia under section 995-1 of the ITAA 1997.
Any individual being an occupant of Australia shall be taken into the considerations for the purpose of taxation in agreement with the Section 4-15 of the ITAA 1997 (Milton et al., 2013). From the given section there has been evidence that for an individual assessable income is derived by deducting the expenses that has been incurred and are allowed in the form of permissible deductions from the assessable income. From the given circumstances it is observed that assessable income has been defined under the section 6-5 of the ITAA as the ordinary income. As defined under section 6-10 of the ITAA 1997 incomes that does not falls under the theory of the ordinary concept are then regarded as the statutory income. It can be determined that Jimmy in the current situation has produced income from his employment from the restaurant and will be accounted as the ordinary income (Woellner, 2013). Therefore, it can be ascertained that such income produced by Jimmy will be liable for tax in conformity with the Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997.
It is also found that tips has been received by Jimmy that is given to him by customers visiting the restaurant and it is taken into the account as incentive because it has direct relation with the employment income. This will be considered in the assessable income for assessment purpose. In addition to this, Jimmy additionally received a gift of $250 is treated as the income that will be considered for assessment and will be included in his tax return (Woellner et al., 2014). It is must be understood that there certain income which is obligatory for the taxpayer to include in the assessable income since they form the part of the exempted income and are not included in the taxable income of the taxpayer under Section 6-20 of the ITAA 1997.
For an individual taxpayer gift are not included in the taxable income but however receiving such kind of gift as the part of the business activity or it is derived from the revenue producing activity then will be included in the taxable income. In addition to this, gifts that are given by parents are not included in the taxable income in view of the fact that they are not connected with the income producing activity (Pinto, 2011). In conformity with the Taxation ruling TR 97/17 food and drink that is provided to the employee from the employer is treated as the meal entertainment will be included in the fringe benefit tax.
From the above stated discussion it can be defined that the benefit that is offered to Jimmy from his company is accounted as the fringe benefit. The employer will also be entitled to bring forward the claim of the permissible deductions for the expenditure that is incurred by the workers. It is noteworthy to denote that the Jimmy produced taxable income from his employment and the benefit provided for food and meal will be included in the fringe benefit provided to him under employment from his employment. It can be concluded that the fringe benefit of the dinner provide to him be included in the taxable income. Below stated is the computation of the taxable income.
An individual taxpayer in accordance with the Taxation Ruling of the TR 93/30 can bring forward the claim of the allowable deductions arising out of the home office spending. The ruling specifically lay down the following principles;
As it is understood from the Taxation Ruling of the TR 93/30 expenditure that is associated with the taxpayer home are in conformity with the above defined ruling will be accounted as the domestic or private character and will not be eligible as deductions at the time of computing the taxable income. Nonetheless, there is some kind of exceptions to such kind of rule where a fraction of the home that is put into the use for the purpose of the producing income and having the aspects of the business (Braithwaite, 2017). Considering such circumstances the occurrence of outlay of using home as office and incurring expenditure on rent, interest and repairs will be considered partially for deductions. In context of the above stated discussion the viewpoint has been supported in the Swinford v FC of T (1984) given that the part of house possessing the aspects of business character will be considered for acceptable deductions (Miller & Oats, 2016). With reference to the above defined scenario, an argument can be put forward by stating that the spending can be allowed as permissible deductions relating to the expenditure that is occurred from the home office purpose.
References
Braithwaite, V. (Ed.). (2017). Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge.
Coleman, C., & Sadiq, K. Principles of taxation law 2013.
Grange, J., Jover-Ledesma, G., & Maydew, G. 2014 principles of business taxation.
James, M. Taxation of small businesses 2014/15.
Jover-Ledesma, G. (2014). Principles of business taxation 2015. [Place of publication not identified]: Cch Incorporated.
Kenny, P. (2013). Australian tax 2013. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths.
Krever, R. (2013). Australian taxation law cases 2013. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters.
Miller, A., & Oats, L. (2016). Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Morgan, A., Mortimer, C., & Pinto, D. (2013). A practical introduction to Australian taxation law. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia.
Pinto, D. (2011). State taxes. In Australian Taxation Law (pp. 1763-1762). CCH Australia Limited.
Sadiq, K., Coleman, C., Hanegbi, R., Jogarajan, S., Krever, R., Obst, W., & Ting, A. Principles of taxation law 2014.
The taxpayers’ guide 2013 & 2014. (2013). Milton, Qld.
Woellner, R. (2013). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia.
Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., & Pinto, D. Australian taxation law 2014.
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