Understanding Dementia And Its Effective Interventions

Importance of the study

Discuss about the Dementia And Its Effective Interventions.

Dementia is a disorder of the brain which can be sub divided into several other narrower categories. The effect of the disease can be for a prolonged period of time and effect the life of the others associated with the people in their life (Bass et al. 2013, p. 1377). There is no specific causation known for the occurrence of the disease. The situation of the patients dealing with the disorder can be significantly decreased by their own involvement in the recovery process (Prince et al. 2013, p.63). The people need to understand the drastic influence that it has on them and have positive attitude towards the healing process (Digby, R, Lee, S & Williams, A, 2017, p.1152). The person has to think the situational positions and try to remember the happenings in their life, this enormously helps in the functioning of the person on their day to day life (Jung 2015). The people dealing with the situation have several symptoms that are not totally specific for dementia, this makes the condition difficult to diagnose and treat. The intellectual functioning of the patients who are affected immensely which leads to complexions like memory loss and lack of ability to recognize people.

The study is of major importance as the people suffering from the disorder can only be given assistance by involvement of proper care procedure (Cahill O’Shea & Pierce 2012). The disorder is known to effect more than fifty million people across the globe. The people as a result of the disorder loose the interest in their own life. The people need to be given proper assistance to get back to their normal life. The phenomenon is known to effect over ten percent of the population at one point or the other in the people’s life. The medicines that are available are known to effect the condition of the patients only mildly (Jeon et al. 2012, p.508). Intervention of the recovery procedure by giving the patients proper care with the help of a health personnel is known to be effective.

Generalized search process:

The first and the most important part of searching a literature is to identify the broad topic that has to be assessed. After the assessment of the topic a search strategy has to be designed to commemorate the needs of the assignment. The search process should be done by modifying the key terms if needed. The database has to be chosen in such a way that it has the topics that has to be covered. The search has to be run and the topics that match the concerned areas should be recovered for review purpose. The topics that are recovered should be then studied and assessed (Wortmann 2012).

Experiences of a patient going through dementia

Steps to be followed to design the search strategy:

Several databases were used in the search process. Cochrane was used for getting resources of articles based on evidences. CINAHL was used for searching nursing care based articles. Scopus was used for reviews based on peer pressure and Pub-med was used for searching experience of the patients suffering from dementia.

Dementia has been under inspection for a long time all over the world, caregiving procedure is the only effective way in which the recovery process can be effective (Aminzadeh, et al 2012, p. 85). There are various known interventions that help immensely in the recovery procedure of the patients that need assistance of a care giver. The caregivers should maintain positive equations with the patients (Brooker & Latham 2015). The caregivers should put in effort to revive the positivity in the patients as most of the time the patients are found to be dealing with depression. The patients should not be affected by the environmental distractions, the caregivers should establish a quiet and distraction free environment to make the atmosphere comfortable for the sufferers (Kales et al. 2012, p.71). The physical attributes of the patients should also be commemorated, with the development of the condition the physical movement of the people suffering from dementia becomes restricted, the caregivers should be able to analyze their disabilities and communicate with them according to their needs. Communication should be done in an effective way, the caregivers should ask questions to the patient in the simplest way possible (Eggenberger, Heimerl & Bennett 2013, p.345). that is, the interaction should be done by using simple words that can be easily understood by the patients (Cerejeira, Lagarto & Mukaetova-Ladinska 2012). The sufferers are often found to be impatient and agitated, the caregivers should evaluate the reasons of the patient’s condition. The environmental setup should be changed in such cases to decrease the occurrence of the anxiety related problems (Mol, Moser & Pols 2015). Incorporation of the above mentioned features is known to improve the condition of patients suffering from dementia effectively.

According to the authors, a large number of people aged over 60 years old are known to be effected from the menace of dementia (Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016, p.1789). The estimated number of people who are dealing with the problem is about forty-eight million across the globe. The number of patients of dementia increases by about 4.6 million every year. The number is estimated to drastically increase with the upcoming years. It is examined to triple in number by the year of 2050 (Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016, p.1789). The older population of people worldwide is at a higher risk. The mortality and morbidity rate is tremendously increasing due to this reason.  This is a major reason for the admission of the patients of dementia in the orthopedic wards. The old people with dementia have a much more restricted physical attributes, this situation as a consequence leads to several injuries all over the body and hence require the patient’s admission in the orthopedic centers.

Generalized search process

Dementia: A type of mental illness that effects the memory and thinking process of a person suffering from it. it also majorly impairs a person physically (Kelly & Innes 2013, p.61).

Medication: the process of usage pf medicines during treating a person suffering from any disorder, be it physical or mental.

Care: The commemoration of necessities of the patients by protecting and supervising them.

Experience: The feeling of suffering as a consequence of any ailment.

The material that has been chosen, deals with the treatment and care giving procedure that the patients of dementia undergo during stay at the orthopedic centers (Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016, p.1789). The evidences that are illustrated in the material under inspection were highly significant with the topic that is being studied. The size of the sample was 4738 patients which is large enough to deduce an inference on the subject. The materials were searched on web from the research materials available in the journals from 2012 to 2017. The authors of the material, deduce a notion of the ways in which the nursing takes place in such health care centers and evaluates the necessities of the patients that are put emphasis on and the necessities that should be given attention to. The methodology that the authors followed, had the inculcation of literatures that were found by extensive web search which were done with the help of MEDLINE, CINAHL, NHS evidence and several other websites like Dementia and Alzheimer’s society and DoH.

The search done by the authors on the available evidences deduce that the most important issues that are to be commemorated in case of the dementia patients are the behavioral aspects of the patients, the lack of people in the setups who have the knowledge about dementia. The strain that the nursing patients face is another reason for the reduced support that the patients get. The confusions that occur as result of lack of the knowledge about the mental illness is another major concern that should be taken care of.

The evidences that were studied by the authors on the abnormal behavior that the patients have when they suffer from the menace of dementia. The status of the patients deteriorates tremendously as the condition becomes acute within a short period of time. The decline in the condition creates dilemma among the patients resulting in aggressive behavior of the sufferers. The aggression that the people dealing with dementia show, is difficult to assist by the health personnel who are present in the orthopedic centers (Givens et al. 2012, p.905). The orthopedic centers are generally not well equipped and adapted to tackle the patients of most of the mental ailments, it makes the scenario even more complex, it is generally seen that the condition of the sufferers, decline as a consequence of lack of understanding the environment (Dalby, Sperlinger & Boddington 2012, p. 75).

Summary of the available evidences

The condition not only declines the health of the patients but also deteriorates the health of the caregiver. The nurses who provide assistance in the orthopedic centers are generally specialized in handling the cases related to fracture and other physical deformities (Dupuis et al. 2012, p.427). The patients have minimal experience of handling the mental illness patients. The nurses are given theoretical lessons while in the degree course but practically acknowledging them is difficult (Kontos  & Martin 2013, p. 288). The different types of patients found in the acute wards makes the duty of the caregivers much more complex. This increases the work load among the caregivers and has a negative impact on their physical as well as mental condition (Gillies 2012, p.657).

The ethical confusions that the nurses face while attending the patients of dementia is of major concern. This kind of situations arise when the dementia patients are unwilling to get assisted by the caregivers because of several reasons related to their mental conditions (Gräske et al. 2012, p.819). The people suffering from dementia are found to seek freedom. Another ethical question that arises is during the administration of medicines or drugs or during feeding the patients. The patients are generally found to resist from having food or medicine from the caregivers, this situation forces the caregivers to feed the patients against their will. These problems in the organization can be solved only by educating the nurses and other care givers in the orthopedic centers worldwide to deal with the patients of varied mental ailments. People suffering from mental disorders face physical problems more often, so, the different sectors of the medical field including orthopedic centers, should be equipped with the necessary equipment and the caregivers should be educated regarding the same.

The literature hence gives us an overview of the evident problems that the patients and the caregivers deal with. The literature outlines the necessary action that would help in developing probations for mental illness patients in orthopedic centers.

Strengths:

The analysis done by the authors creates an ideology that is necessary to be incorporated to improve the orthopedic set ups providing assistance to the patients of dementia. The population size (over four thousand) that was considered for study was large enough to deduce an inference for a population as a whole. The review puts emphasis on the differences between the caregiving process needed for the orthopedic patients singularly and the patients who in inclusion to the orthopedic issues are dealing with dementia.

Generalized critical review

The patients suffering from dementia were not considered in totality. The patients who were admitted in the orthopedic care centers were only considered for study. The study lacks the insights of the patients who have suffered in such situations and the insight of the caregivers who are in charge of handling such mental illness patients. The study was purely based on available data analysis, the practical scenario study was not done, it was interpreted totally on the basis of other literatures available.

The authors emphasized on reviewing the condition of patients suffering from dementia. There has not been a lot of studies done on this topic and the condition requires to be analyzed and evaluated in the most among the major mental ailments that are found to effect people worldwide. The aim of the study was highly significant because of the above mentioned reasons. The patient behavioral patterns were analyzed by the researchers.  It was found that the people suffering from dementia and similar disorders like Alzheimer, deal with traumatic condition as serious as the patients tackling major physical distresses who require medical emergency (Domaradzki, J 2015, p.931). The resultants of the research work done by the authors raises the awareness about the need to give emphasize to the conditions of the patients dealing with difficult mental issues like dementia (Caceres et al. 2016, p. 71) The findings can be said to be relevant as it was done by studying a large population of over four thousand people.

Findings of the research work were apt, although some of the aspect were not commemorated by the authors. The study would have given a better insight about the patients of dementia as a whole if the patients who were not admitted and taken care of by the care givers at home (Jutkowitz et al. 2016, p.477). There are many patients who are dealing with the problem for a long period of time. The assistance that they are given by the nurses, should also have been commemorated in the study process.

Conclusion:

Therefore, from the above discussion it can be inferred that the menace of mental ailments should be given importance. The people suffering from dementia should are neglected by people around them. The recovery in case of dementia patients is critical. There are no known medications that can totally reduce the problems that the patients face. The drugs that are available for treating the people with dementia, decrease the complexions that they face but are not able enough to help people completely recover. Care giving is the only way to help the patients of dementia in to lead a stable life. The patients who suffer injuries as a result of reduce physical movement due to dementia need to be treated in the orthopedic centers. the care givers in the orthopedic centers are generally not found to be experienced enough to give the assistance that the patient seek. The literature that was considered, highlights the importance of knowledge about dementia and other major mental illnesses among the caregivers associated with the orthopedic centers. The study also deduces inference of the ways by which the caregiving procedure in the orthopedic centers can be improved. Mental health should be given significance by everyone worldwide, it can have worse impacts than many of the physical ailments. Giving importance to critical mental ailments is the need in present scenario, it impacts equally as the physical illnesses.

Description	Research design	Outcomes	Your judgement
Reference details	Research aims/ objectives	Name of intervention	Study population	Research design type	Data collection methods	Finding/results	conclusion	Assumption	limitations	Usefulness of information source for the topic
Digby, R, Lee, S & Williams	To analyze the situation of patients of dementia in hospitals	The experience of people with dementia and nurses in hospital: an integrative review	Not mentioned	Secondary research	Analysis of a longitudinal cohort	Patient of demented are considered as low priority patient.	Nurses require the education to give the needed care to the patient of dementia	Deterioration of health of the patients	Lack of knowledge about dementia among the caregivers	Considers general hospitals
Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016	To check the situation of patients of dementia in orthopedic hospitals	A systematic literature review on nurses’ and health care support worker’s experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopedic wards	4738	Secondary research	Analysis of a longitudinal cohort	No proper assistance provided to the patients of dementia in the orthopedic centers	Care procedure for the patients in orthopedic hospitals should be improved	Deterioration of patient condition	Does not consider the patients cared in their residence	Considers a large population
Domaradzki, J 2015	The aim of the present paper is to review the literature on family caregivers of persons with Huntington disease.	The impact of Huntington disease on family caregivers: a literature overview	Not mentioned	Secondary research	Analysis of a longitudinal cohort	Necessities of the patient of demented cannot be fulfilled at home in totality	Supportive care is require for the patients for prolonged period of time	Negatively affect the health of the patients	The analysis is not conducted in enough population to consider the result sufficient	Considers the patients given care at their residents
Caceres, B, A, Frank, M, O, Jun, J, Martelly, M, T, Sadarangani, T & De Sales, P C (2016	The aim of the work is to identify the attributed of the caregivers of patients of dementia at home	Family caregivers of patients with frontotemporal dementia: An integrative review	Exact number of people is not mentioned	Secondary research	Analysis of a longitudinal cohort	The caregivers cannot fulfill the needs without training	The caregivers assisting the patients of dementia at home have distress	The mental as well as physical health of the caregivers are effected	Considers a small population	Put emphasis on the health of the caregives

Key terms and their definition

References:

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Bass, DM, Judge, KS, Lynn Snow, A, Wilson, NL, Morgan, R, Looman, WJ, McCarthy, CA, Maslow, K, Moye, JA, Randazzo, R & Garcia?Maldonado, M, 2013. Caregiver outcomes of partners in dementia care: Effect of a care coordination program for veterans with dementia and their family members and friends. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 61 no.8, pp.1377-1386.

Brooker, D, & Latham, I, 2015. Person-centred dementia care: Making services better with the VIPS framework. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Caceres, B, A, Frank, M, O, Jun, J, Martelly, M, T, Sadarangani, T & De Sales, P C (2016). ‘Family caregivers of patients with frontotemporal dementia: An integrative review’,  International journal of nursing studies, vol. 55, pp. 71-84.

Cahill, S, O’Shea, E. & Pierce, M., 2012. Creating excellence in dementia care: a research review for Ireland’s National Dementia Strategy.

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Digby, R, Lee, S & Williams, A, 2017, ‘The experience of people with dementia and nurses in hospital: an integrative review’, Journal of clinical nursing, vol. 26 no. 9, pp.1152-1171.

Domaradzki, J 2015, ‘The impact of Huntington disease on family carers: a literature overview’,  Psychiatria polska, vol. 49,  pp.931-944.

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Gräske, J, Fischer, T, Kuhlmey, A, & Wolf-Ostermann, K, 2012. Quality of life in dementia care–differences in quality of life measurements performed by residents with dementia and by nursing staff. Aging & Mental Health, vol 16 no.7, pp.819-827.

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